排序方式： 共有26条查询结果，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
对四川盆地彭水地区奥陶系五峰组剖面黑色页岩中的硬石膏、黄铁矿、方解石脉进行了矿物学分析,结果显示,脉体中硬石膏为溶蚀残余,黄铁矿平行于脉体两边对称分布,从中心至边缘,晶体大小和完整性不断变化,方解石为次生自形晶,这些特征都表明该矿物组合是黑色页岩中发生过TSR的特色矿物组合。溶蚀硬石膏能提供反应所需的硫酸根离子,黑色页岩中有机质及其演化产物提供了还原剂,TSR形成的硫化氢与铁形成的黄铁矿沿脉体分布,方解石主要为成矿流体沉淀所致。这一特征拓宽了高演化阶段成烃流体TSR发生的范畴,证明了TSR在地质条件下的广泛发育,有利于对海相层系油气形成的认识。 相似文献
2.
A suite of reservoir cores (oil sands) from a single well in Bohai Bay Basin, East China, displayed a progressive increase in petroleum biodegradation extent on the basis of bulk composition and 25-norhopane content. This fits with the proposal that subsurface petroleum biodegradation is dominantly an anaerobic process and usually occurs at the oil–water contact. It is likely that sequential microbial degradation of hydrocarbons under anoxic conditions does not occur in a true stepwise fashion, but is controlled by various factors such as concentration and solubility of hydrocarbons and their diffusion rate to the oil/water contact. In fact, 25-norhopanes were formed prior to the complete elimination of the acyclic, and mono- and bicyclic alkanes. An inverse response of the 22S/(22S + 22R) ratio between each extended 17α(H)-hopane and its corresponding 25-norhopane was observed as severe biodegradation occurred, supporting the proposal that the 25-norhopanes originate from demethylation of hopanes. Field observation revealed that biomarkers without extended alkyl side chains, such as oleanane, gammacerane and β-carotane, have significant resistance to biodegradation and can be used as naturally occurring “internal standards” to evaluate variations in other biomarkers. The results suggest that the quantity of 25-norhopanes showed a minor increase as the hopanes decreased significantly, i.e. only partial hopane conversion to the corresponding 25-norhopanes. Alternative degradation pathways for hopanes might occur in reservoirs, in addition to C-25 demethylation. 相似文献
3.
近年来,在鄂尔多斯盆地北缘东胜气田上古生界天然气中发现伴生的氦气,含量分布在0.045%~0.487%范围内,具有工业价值,其三级储量约为8.3亿立方米,为一特大型含氦—富氦天然气田。东胜气田氦气属于典型的壳源氦,来源于基底的太古界—元古界变质岩—花岗岩系,富集与燕山期以来的岩浆侵入、断裂活动有关。东胜气田具备有利的氦气成藏地质条件,伴生氦气与烃类气具有异源同储成藏特征,剖析其成藏主控因素为: 基底富U、Th岩石发育是基础,断裂活动是核心,储盖圈保条件是必备,时空配置是关键,其中早白垩世是最重要的一期构造—岩浆热事件,深源岩浆活动导致的深部物质和热能的大规模上涌是中生代流体成藏(矿)的有利地球动力学背景,控制了鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系—二叠系煤系烃源岩大规模生气。断裂活动和圈闭形成与上古生界天然气、氦气聚集成藏具有良好的时空配置关系,与华北克拉通破坏过程耦合。鄂尔多斯地块在早白垩世至中新世深部热流体对盆地发生的多期岩浆活动、基底断裂活化及浅部断裂活动具有明显的控制作用,同时也对石炭系—二叠系煤系烃源岩成烃成藏具有重要的控制作用。 相似文献
4.
Free and sulfur-bound biomarkers in sediments deposited in the northern proto North Atlantic (Newfoundland Basin, ODP Site 1276) during the Cenomanian–Turonian oceanic anoxic event 2 (OAE-2) were studied. The δ13C records of phytane and lycopane confirmed the stratigraphic position of the positive carbon isotope excursion associated with OAE-2, previously reported for total organic carbon (TOC) and β,β-homohopane. Sediments before and after the OAE-2 interval were poor in organic matter (OM) and comprised numerous gravity flow deposits. The interval itself was composed of pelagic sediments with occasionally a much higher TOC content of up to 12.7%. The OAE-2 sediments were characterized by a low amount of terrestrial OM since the dominant biological sources of the biomarkers were aquatic in origin. High hopane, pentamethylicosane (PMI), and squalane abundances in the OM-rich sediments pointed to a relatively high input of prokaryotes, partly derived from cyanobacteria, as suggested by the occasional occurrence of 2-methylhopanes. PMI comprised both the regular and irregular isomer and changes in the δ13C of PMI are thought to reflect contributions from methanogenic and methanotrophic archea. The high relative concentration of lycopane indicated that bottom water conditions were anoxic during large parts of the OAE-2 interval. In one horizon, trace amounts of isorenieratane provided evidence for the occasional occurrence of photic zone anoxia. Taken together, the data imply that oceanic anoxia, and probably also high productivity, reached the northernmost part of the proto-North Atlantic during OAE-2, albeit that photic zone anoxia was much less common than in the southern proto-North Atlantic. 相似文献
5.
Pyrolysis of two kerogens isolated from the and source rocks in the Niuzhuang sag, Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China, was performed in a confined system. The products were extracted with solvent and separated using micro-column chromatography into group-type fractions (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) with the kerogen residue in each case undergoing swelling with a variety of solvents. The kinetics for generation and retention of crude oil and its group-type fractions from the kerogens were studied and the kinetic parameters applied to modeling generation and retention of crude oil and its fractions from the and source rocks on the basis of burial and thermal history of the Niuzhuang sag. The results show that the “normal oil” was generated at about 4.26 Ma and 24.85 Ma ago, but expelled at about 3.96 Ma and 17.46 Ma ago, respectively, from and source rocks. The current proportions of the expelled saturates, aromatics and NSOs are about 60%, 15% and 25%, respectively. 相似文献
6.
Hydrous pyrolysis (HP) experiments were used to investigate the petroleum composition and quality of petroleum generated from a Brazilian lacustrine source rock containing Type I kerogen with increasing thermal maturity. The tested sample was of Aptian age from the Araripe Basin (NE-Brazil). The temperatures (280–360 °C) and times (12–132 h) employed in the experiments simulated petroleum generation and expulsion (i.e., oil window) prior to secondary gas generation from the cracking of oil. Results show that similar to other oil prone source rocks, kerogen initially decomposes in part to a polar rich bitumen, which decomposes in part to hydrocarbon rich oil. These two overall reactions overlap with one another and have been recognized in oil shale retorting and natural petroleum generation. During bitumen decomposition to oil, some of the bitumen is converted to pyrobitumen, which results in an increase in the apparent kerogen (i.e., insoluble carbon) content with increasing maturation.The petroleum composition and its quality (i.e., API gravity, gas/oil ratio, C15+ fractions, alkane distribution, and sulfur content) are affected by thermal maturation within the oil window. API gravity, C15+ fractions and gas/oil ratios generated by HP are similar to those of natural petroleum considered to be sourced from similar Brazilian lacustrine source rocks with Type I kerogen of Lower Cretaceous age. API gravity of the HP expelled oils shows a complex relationship with increasing thermal maturation that is most influenced by the expulsion of asphaltenes. C15+ fractions (i.e., saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) show that expelled oils and bitumen are compositionally separate organic phases with no overlap in composition. Gas/oil ratios (GOR) initially decrease from 508–131 m3/m3 during bitumen generation and remain essentially constant (81–84 m3/m3) to the end of oil generation. This constancy in GOR is different from the continuous increase through the oil window observed in anhydrous pyrolysis experiments. Alkane distributions of the HP expelled oils are similar to those of natural crude oils considered to be sourced from similar Brazilian lacustrine source rocks with Type I kerogen of Lower Cretaceous age. Isoprenoid and n-alkane ratios (i.e., pristane/n-C17 and phytane/n-C18) decrease with increasing thermal maturity as observed in natural crude oils. Pristane/phytane ratios remain constant with increasing thermal maturity through the oil window, with ratios being slightly higher in the expelled oils relative to those in the bitumen. Generated hydrocarbon gases are similar to natural gases associated with crude oils considered to be sourced from similar Brazilian lacustrine source rocks with Type I kerogen of Lower Cretaceous, with the exception of elevated ethane contents. The general overall agreement in composition of natural and hydrous pyrolysis petroleum of lacustrine source rocks observed in this study supports the utility of HP to better characterize petroleum systems and the effects of maturation and expulsion on petroleum composition and quality. 相似文献
7.
贵州凯里寒武系底部硅质岩系生物组成、沉积环境与烃源岩发育关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贵州凯里麻江地区羊跳剖面寒武系牛蹄塘组底部发育了一套3.2m厚的硅质岩系。通过对其进行高频逐层采样68件,根据沉积环境-生物组成-烃源岩形成的思路,精细分析了生物组成及有机碳TOC含量,进而讨论了沉积环境与烃源岩发育的关系。结果表明,该剖面生物组成多样,包括有浮游藻、底栖宏观藻、疑源类、海绵骨针、须腕动物蠕虫等,并可归纳为三大类生物微相:浮游藻类、底栖藻类、其它生物类型。不同藻类体和不同疑源类所反映的水体深度特征显示,该套烃源岩沉积经历了先水进后水退的过程,水体深度最深时期,底栖红藻和Heliosphaeridium longum-Asteridium tornatum疑源类组合发育,烃源岩有机碳含量也较高(TOC平均值为4.73%,最高可达13.97%),说明利于烃源岩发育。总体而言,不同生物微相烃源岩TOC含量不同,底栖藻类(平均值3.50%)浮游藻类(平均值1.46%)其它生物类(平均值1.0%)。而须腕动物蠕虫和海绵动物的发现反映了热液环境,受热水事件影响强烈的样品TOC最低(TOC含量为0.90%和0.94%),说明热液活动强烈对烃源岩发育可能具有一定的不利影响。 相似文献
8.
油页岩原位转化开采加热的最终温度、加热时间和最终油气转化率与原位开采的经济成本息息相关。利用Rock-Eval 6型岩石热解分析仪分别获取不同升温速率下的油页岩烃产率-转化率和烃产率-活化能之间的关系,以烃产率为桥梁,建立活化能与转化率的对应关系;在此基础上,依据化学动力学反应原理,将油页岩有机质（干酪根）演化生成油气的过程近似为具一级反应特征的热裂解反应,获取不同转化率条件下温度倒数（1/T）与时间对数（ln t）的关系式,建立油页岩原位转化温度-时间-转化率关系图。以广东茂名盆地油柑窝组油页岩为例,通过上述方法建立了油页岩原位转化开采温度-时间-转化率关系图。由判识关系图可知：加热至350℃开采该区油页岩,转化率达90%需要98 a;加热至200℃开采该区油页岩,在不采取其他措施的情况下即使转化10%也需要147 a。实际情况下,地下油页岩原位受热具有非均质性,加热开采能耗大,通过添加催化剂降低油页岩原位油气转化所需的温度、改善油气产物品质可能是油页岩原位开采技术的一种发展方向。 相似文献
9.
10.
膏岩三轴压缩试验及高温相变特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用伺服刚性试验机对天然膏岩开展三轴压缩试验,研究了温度及围压对膏岩强度及变形特性的影响。结果表明,膏岩在不同围压下均具有良好的塑性流动特性,加载后无明显的剪切破坏面,而是出现明显的侧向膨胀。根据三轴试验结果,利用摩尔-库仑定律得到了膏岩的强度准则及抗剪强度参数。升高温度导致膏岩强度降低,且高温下石膏发生晶型转变,从二水石膏脱水转变为半水石膏,利用扫描电镜和X衍射对此过程进行了研究。脱水过程导致瞬间孔隙应力增加,膏岩破坏特性由延性转变为脆性。随着持续加载,破裂断面逐渐愈合。膏岩显著的塑性流动能力及快速的裂隙愈合能力对于天然气盖层的封闭稳定性具有重要意义。 相似文献